Item details
Item ID
KK3-0143
Title Chyamut Wa | The Boy Named Chyamut Wa
Description Translation (Gun Mai & Keita Kurabe)
This is the first part of the story of "Chyamut Wa." Long ago, there lived an elderly couple. They longed for a child, but none was born to them. Finally, in their old age, the grandmother gave birth to a baby. However, the baby was extremely small, about the size of a shrimp. Ashamed to raise such a baby, yet unable to bring themselves to kill it, they placed it in a basket and set it adrift in the river. As it floated away, downstream, on the banks of the distant river, there was a half-spirit woman. A half-spirit is a being that is human, but also has a bit of spirit blood. Similar to humans, but wiser and possessing supernatural powers. While bathing in the river, she heard a baby's cry and looked, and found the baby in the basket being carried by the current. Seeing this, she said, "If you are to grow into one with power," "Come to the riverbank!" "If you are to die," "Continue to be carried by the river!" The basket came to the riverbank. The half-spirit woman raised the baby, and it grew into a boy. When he had grown, the half-spirit woman took him to the field. Arriving at the field, she plucked a leaf and said, "My son, if you throw this leaf saying," "Become a mountain of caterpillars!" "it will indeed happen." Unnoticed by his mother, the boy plucked one such leaf and kept it in his bag. The half-spirit woman then showed him another leaf and said, "My son, if you throw this leaf saying," "Become a mountain of fire!" "it will become a great mountain of fire." The boy secretly plucked this leaf as well. Continuing, the woman showed him another leaf and said, "My son, throw this while saying, 'Build a mountain of water!'" "It will become a water mountain." The boy secretly kept this leaf. Next, she took him inside the house, showed him a hammer and said, "My son, if you strike with this hammer," "whatever you say will come true." The boy remembered her words well. Then, upon entering another room, she showed him a set of clothes and said, "My son, this is the Su Myen Lawng outfit." "Wearing it allows you to fly." "It's an outfit that enables flight." The boy remembered this well too. The half-spirit woman went to the field every day. On days when she said, "My son, I will return late today," she always returned early. On days when she said "My son, I will return early today," she always came back late. On days when the mother returned late, she came back looking more beautiful. Noticing this, the boy thought, "Why does mother say she will return late but comes early?" "Why does mother say she will return early but comes late?" Wanting to know, he climbed onto the house's beam to watch. He saw his mother bathing in the Nam Sanita River. He noticed that she became beautiful from bathing there. He remembered this too. One day, when the mother went to the field, The boy thought, "Hmm, I can't just stay here." Taking the three leaves he had hidden, and the hammer shown by his mother, and wearing the Su Myen Lawng outfit, he flew away. When the mother returned home at night, finding her son gone, she was very saddened. However, she could fly too. When she chased after where her son had gone, she almost caught up with him. When she almost caught up, the son threw one of the leaves and said, "Build a mountain of caterpillars!" Indeed, a very high mountain of caterpillars appeared between the mother and the son. But the mother said, "That is what I taught you!" With a slap of her cloth, the mountain of caterpillars disappeared. The son then took out another leaf and said, "Build a mountain of fire!" Indeed, a mountain of fire separated them. The mother again said, "That is what I taught you!" With a slap of her cloth, the mountain of fire also disappeared. Finally, the son took out the last leaf, threw it and said, "Build a mountain of water!" Indeed, a vast water mountain separated the mother from her son. Half-spirits are weak to water. Therefore, the mother said, "My son, we half-spirits cannot defeat water." "I cannot cross it." "So you may go where you like!" "I will die here." Striking her chest, she died.

This is the second part of "Chyamut Wa." Thus, after the death of his half-spirit mother, the boy continued to fly and arrived at a kingdom. Upon arrival, it was evening, and the princesses were returning from their bath. The boy lay down, blocking the path the princesses used to return from their bathing. As he lay there, he was dirty and grimy with dust and ash. He was lying there looking dirty. The princesses, without a word, jumped over the filthy boy lying in their path and returned home. However, the youngest princess named Nang Yut, unlike her sisters, did not leap over. She said to the filthy boy, "Hey, could you move a bit so I can pass?" But, the filthy boy did not move, continuing to lie there. Nang Yut, without jumping over, waited for the filthy boy to move aside. When it got dark, she said again, "Hey, it has gotten dark." "I must go home." "My parents must be worried." The boy moved slightly aside, and Nang Yut was able to go home. Because Nang Yut returned late, her parents asked her older sisters why the youngest had not come home. Then, the sisters said, "A filthy boy was blocking the path." "So we left her there." When Nang Yut arrived home late, her parents were very worried and said, "My daughter, why are you so late?" Nang Yut told them about the filthy boy blocking the way and that she had only just been able to return home because he finally moved aside. Since their daughter had returned, the parents said nothing and lived peacefully again. One day, the princesses went out to catch fish. Since the parents doted on the youngest daughter Nang Yut, her sisters were jealous of her. When choosing a fishing spots, they sent Nang Yut to a place where there were hardly any fish. While they were catching fish, the boy, having finished his bath, appeared in a very handsome form. When he asked what she was doing, Nang Yut told him she could not catch any fish. The boy struck with a hammer and said, "May this place overflow with fish!" Nang Yut caught so many fish that she could not carry them all. She was able to return home early. Although the sisters were fishing in a place with fish, they could not catch fish. When the boy came to the sisters as well, seeing the handsome boy, they thought he was a spirit, and said to him, "Spirit, we are unable to catch fish." The boy struck again with the hammer, and caused the fish to overflow. Thus, the sisters also caught fish and returned home. However, by the time the sisters arrived home, Nang Yut had returned early. She had cooked the fish that needed cooking, dried the fish that needed drying, prepared the fish paste, and had done the grilling. Everything had been prepared. Thus, when the sisters returned and handed the fish to their parents, the parents said, "Your sister Nang Yut brought back a lot of fish." "We have already finished cooking." "The dried fish are dried." "The fish paste is prepared." Hearing this, the sisters felt ashamed and began to hate their sister Nang Yut even more.

This is the third part of "Chyamut Wa". Thus, the older sisters came to despise the youngest daughter, Nang Yut. Living like that, One day, a powerful army attacked their kingdom, aiming to seize it. Therefore, the girls' father, the king, was very troubled. At that time, the boy went to the king and asked, "Your Majesty, what troubles you?" The king replied, "As you know," "a powerful army has attacked to seize our kingdom." "We do not have as many troops as they do." "That's why I am troubled." Then, the boy said, "There is no need to worry." "I will win the battle." "If I win it," "what will you give me?" The king said, "I will give you my daughter." Then, the boy went to the forest and struck the hammer saying, "Now, become a great army!" And a very large army appeared. The boy showed the large army to the king and defeated all the attacking soldiers. Since he won the battle, he struck the hammer and his army disappeared. Thus, when the boy returned to the king, the king said, "Since you have won the battle," "I'm very grateful." "As promised," "you may have my eldest daughter!" Then, the boy said, "I don't care for the eldest daughter." The king showed him each daughter. But he accepted none. When the youngest daughter, Nang Yut, was shown at last, he loved and accepted her. Thus, the king gave his daughter Nang Yut to the boy, divided half of the kingdom, and they lived happily together.

Transcription (Lu Awng)
Ya hkai na maumwi gaw "Chyamut Wa" nga ai ga baw a daw 1 re. Moi shawng de gumgai hte dingla nga ai da. Shan lahkawng gaw kashu kasha grai ra ai ti mung n lu ai da. Hpang jahtum asak grai kaba wa jang she, dinggai wa gaw ma hkum rai wa ai hte kasha langai shangai ai da. Rai tim ma dai gaw mala la kaji ai - katsu daram sha law ai da. Dai majaw shan lahkawng gaw ma dai hpe bau kaba na hpe gaya ai hte sat kau mung gaw n wam ai majaw, wawn langai kaw bang nna hka de shayawng kau dat ai da. Dai hku shayawng kau dat ai shaloi gaw, dai hka na hka nam maga de na grai tsan ai hka kau kaw hpyi hpai num ngu ai langai mi nga ai da. Hpyi hpai num ngu ai gaw shinggyim masha gaw rai tim nat hpan mung loi mi lawm ai baw amyu re. Shinggyim masha hte bung tim shinggyim masha hta machye machyang hte hpung shingkang grau nga ai baw re da. Dai hpyi hpai num gaw hka kaw hka shin nga ai shaloi, ma hkrap ai nsen na nna yu dat yang wawn kaw yawng wa ai ma hpe mu dat ai da. Dai shaloi hpyi hpai num gaw hpa baw tsun ai i nga yang "Hpung rawng nna galu kaba na masha rai yang gaw" "hka kau de sit wa u!" "Si na masha rai yang gaw" "hka nu de matut yawng mat u!" ngu tsun dat ai shaloi dai wawn gaw hka kau de sit wa ai hte hpyi hpai num gaw dai ma hpe bau la nna dai ma gaw shabrang tai wa sai. Dai zawn shabrang rai wa ai shaloi gaw, hpyi hpai num gaw ma hpe sun de woi sa ai da. Sun de du ai shaloi gaw namlap langai mi hpe di la nna she "Ma e, ndai namlap hpe kabai dat nna" "sumbra shagawng byin wa u, ngu tsun dat yang" "byin wa ai baw re," ngu tsun dan ai shaloi gaw ma dai gaw kanu n mu ai shaloi dai namlap langai mi hpe di nna nhpye kaw bang la dat ai da. Hpyi hpai num gaw kaga namlap langai hpe bai madun nna she "Ma e, ndai namlap hpe kabai dat na," "wan shagawng e grang u ngu tsun dat yang," "grai kaba ai wan shagawng tai wa ai baw re," ngu nna tsun dan ai da. Dai shaloi mung ma dai gaw dai namlap hpe kanu n mu ai shaloi di gun la ai da. Matut nna kaga namlap hpe bai madun nna she, "Ma e, ndai gaw hka shagawng grang u, ngu kabai dat yang," "hka shagawng grang wa ai baw hpan re," ngu nna bai tsun dan ai da. Dai namlap hpe mung di makoi gun la sai da. Ngut yang nta nhku de bai woi shang nna she, sumdu langai mi madun nna, "Ma e, ndai sumdu hte dik dik ngu adup dat nna" "nang hpa tsun yang hpa byin wa ai baw sumdu re," ngu tsun dan ai da. Ma mung hpyi hpai num tsun ai hpe atsawm matsing da sai da. Matut nna mung, gawk de bai shang wa nna she, palawng langai mi hpe madun nna, "Ma e, ndai gaw Su Myen Lawng ngu ai palawng re." "Ndai hpun dat jang gaw pyen chye ai." "Pyen wa lu ai baw palawng re," ngu nna tsun dan ai shaloi ma dai mung atsawm matsing da ai da. Bai nna, dai hpyi hpai jan gaw yi sa sa re ai da. Dai zawn yi sa sa re ai shaloi gaw, kasha hpe "Ma e, dai ni gaw nu hpang hkrat na re," ngu tsun da kau ai shani gaw jau jau wa wa re ai da. "Ma e, dai ni gaw nu jau jau wa na re," ngu tsun ai shani gaw hpang hkrat wa wa re ai da. Dai zawn kanu hpang hkrat wa ai shani gaw grai tsawm na wa wa re ai da. Dai hku byin byin rai yang gaw, dai shabrang ma gaw "Nu, ndai gaw hpa baw rai nna hpang hkrat na nga ai shani gaw jau jau wa." "Jau jau wa na nga ai shani gaw hpang hkrat hkrat re ai gaw hpa baw re kun," ngu nna hto nta htinggan kaw lung nna mada yu yang gaw kanu gaw wo nam sanita hka ngu ai kaw hka shin taw ai da. Dai hku hka shin dat yang grai tsawm wa ai hpe mung shi mu la rai nna dai hpe mung matsing da ai da. Lani mi na nhtoi hta gaw, kanu yi sa ai ten hta, dai ma shabrang gaw "Um... ngai ndai kaw sha nga yang n byin sai," ngu nna shi myi di gun da ai namlap masum mung la gun, kanu madun dan da ai sumdu hpe mung la gun, ngut nna Su Myen Lawng palawng hpe ma hpun la rai nna pyen hkawm mat wa sai da. Shana maga kanu nta de bai wa ai shaloi gaw ma hpe n mu ai majaw, kanu gaw grai yawn ai da. Rai tim, shi mung chye pyen ai hte kasha sa ai lam de hkan nang sa mat ai shaloi gaw kasha hpe dep hkyen wa sai da. Dai zawn kanu dep hkyen wa ai shaloi gaw, wora la kasha gaw shi kaw lawm ai namlap langai mi hpe kabai dat nna "Sumbra shagawng e grang rai u," ngu dat yang, kaja sha kanu hte kasha na lapran kaw grai tsaw ai sumbra shagawng grang rai mat ai da. Tim, kanu gaw "Dai ngai sharin ya ai hpaji sha wa," ngu nna shi na ningwawt hte hpat di dat yang, sumbra shagawng gaw mat mat ai da. Kasha mung matut nna, namlap langai bai shaw la nna, "Wan shagawng e grang rai u," ngu dat yang, kaja sha shan lahkawng a lapran kaw wan shagawng din mat ai da. Dai hpe mung kanu bai "Dai ngai sharin ya ai hpaji sha wa," ngu nna, shi na ningwawt hte bai hpat di dat yang, dai wan shagawng mung mat mat ai da. Dai shaloi, kasha gaw hpang jahtum ngam ai namlap langai hpe shaw la nna kabai dat let, "Hka shagawng e grang rai u," ngu dat yang, kaja sha bai hpyi hpai num hte kasha shabrang na lapran kaw grai dam lada ai hka shagawng din mat ai da. Hpyi hpai ngu ai gaw hka hpe gaw n dang ai da. Dai shaloi kanu gaw "Ma e, anhte hpyi hpai amyu ni gaw hka hpe n dang ai." "Ngai ndai hpe n lu rap sai." "Dai re majaw gaw nang mung kam ai de sa wa nu." "Nu gaw ndai kaw si mat sana," ngu nna shi na sinda hpe lahtum rai nna si mat wa ai da.

Ya hkai na maumwi gaw "Chyamut Wa" nga ai ga baw a daw 2 re. Dai zawn rai nna kanu hpyi hpai num si mat ai hpang, dai shabrang wa gaw matut pyen mat wa ai shaloi gaw, hkawhkam mungdan langai mi de du mat wa ai da. Dai zawn du mat wa ai shaloi gaw, shana maga de gaw hkawhkam shayi sha ni hka shin nna wa ai da. Dai shabrang wa gaw hkawhkam shayi sha ni hka shin nna wa ai lam kaang kaw nda pan rai nna galeng taw ai da. Dai zawn galeng taw ai shaloi, dai shabrang wa mung, numhpu ni, dap ni chya rai nna amut amat hte grai n tsawm ai hku na galeng taw ai da. Hkawhkam kasha kana ni yawng gaw hpa mung n tsun ai sha dai shabrang Chyamut Wa galeng taw ai hpe shingkawt shingkawt rai nna wa mat wa ai da. Hpang jahtum na hkawhkam shayi sha Nang Yut ngu ai wa gaw kana ni zawn n shingkawt ai sha dai Chyamut Wa hpe tsun ai da. "E, tsa e, ngai lai wa na matu lam kachyi mi sha pyi yen ya rit," ngut tsun ai da. Rai tim, Chyamut Wa mung n yen ya ai sha, dai hku sha nga taw ai da. Nang yut mung n shingkawt ai sha dai shabrang Chyamut Wa yen ya na hpe sha la taw rai yang gaw, jan mung du wa re shaloi gaw kalang bai "Tsa e, jan mung du wa sai." "Ya ngai nta de wa ra sai." "Nu ni wa ni myit n pyaw na ra ai," ngu tsun dat yang she, kachyi mi sha yen ya ai hte dai hku lai nna nta de wa mat wa ai da. Dai hku Nang Yut nta de n du wa shi ai shaloi, kanu yan kawa gaw kana ni hpe kasha kaji dik htum hpa majaw n du wa shi ai lam hpe san ai da. Dai shaloi kana ni gaw "Wo lam kaw chyamut chyamat san ai la wa kaw na n lu lai nna" "dai kaw nga ta sai," ngu htai ai da. Dai hku rai nna, Nang Yut gaw grai hpang hkrat nna she nta de du wa ai shaloi gaw, kanu yan kawa gaw grai tsang ai hte "Ma e, nang hpa majaw, hpang hkrat ai rai?" ngu san yang, kasha Nang Yut gaw Chyamut Wa lam kaw pat taw ai majaw re ai lam hte ya she loi yen ya nna lu wa ai re lam tsun dan dat ai da. Kanu yan kawa mung kasha du wa sai re majaw hpa n tsun ai sha apyaw sha matut nga ma ai da. Lani mi hta gaw, dai hkawhkam shayi sha ni gaw nga bai sa hkwi ma ai da. Kanu yan kawa gaw Nang Yut hpe grau tsaw ra ai zawn re majaw, kana ni gaw Nang Yut hpe loi n ju wa ai hte nga hkwi ai shara lata ai shaloi, Nang Yut hpe gaw nga nau n lu lu re ai shara kaw sa hkwi shangun ai da. Dai zawn nga hkwi taw ai shaloi, myi na shabrang Chyamut Wa gaw hka ni shin kau rai nna grai tsawm ai hte sa wa ai da. Nang Yut hpe mu nna hpa baw galaw nga ai rai ngu yang, Nang Yut mung nga hkwi taw ai rai tim, nga n lu ai lam tsun yang, dai Chyamut Wa gaw shi na sumdu hte adup dat nna "Ndai laing kaw nga ni hpring wa u ga!" ngu dat yang, kaja sha Nang Yut gaw gun she n dang hkra nga ni lu wa ai hte nta de jau jau wa mat wa sai da. Kana ni mung nga lu ai shara kaw hkwi ai ngu tim nga n lu ma ai da. Dai shabrang Chyamut Wa mung dai kana ni nga taw ai maga bai sa wa yang gaw kana ni gaw shabrang wa grai tsawm taw ai hpe mu nna nat shadu ai hte, shanhte gaw "E, nat shagya e, anhte mung nga hkwi ai wa nga n lu ai," ngu tsun yang, shi na sumdu hte bai adup dat nna she nga ni jahpring ya ai da. Dai majaw kana ni mung nga ni la nna nta de wa sai da. Rai tim, shanhte nta de du ai shaloi gaw, Nang Yut gaw grai jau du taw sai majaw, shi na nga ni hpe shadu ai gaw shadu, jahkraw ai gaw jahkraw, banau nau ai gaw nau, ka-i ai gaw ka-i rai nna, galaw taw sai da. Dai hku rai nna kana ni kanu yan kawa hpe nga ni wa jaw ai shaloi gaw kanu yan kawa gaw, "Nanhte a nnau Nang Yut gun wa ai nga ni grai law ai hte" "anhte ni ya ndai kaw shadu mung shadu da sai." "Jahkraw mung jahkraw da sai." "Banau nau, jahkri hkri galaw nga ga ai," ngu tsun dan dat jang dai kana ni gaw kaya mung kaya ai hte, shanhte a kanau Nang Yut hpe grau nna n ju wa sai da.

Ya hkai na maumwi gaw "Chyamut Wa" nga ai ga baw a hpang jahtum daw, daw 3 re. Dai zawn rai nna, kanau Nang Yut hpe kana ni grau n ju wa ai hte matut nna nga nga rai yang gaw, lani mi na aten hta, dai shanhte na mungdan hpe madu la na matu grai n-gun kaba ai hpyen ni htim sa wa sai da. Dai majaw, dai num kasha ni a kawa hkawhkam du wa gaw grai myit ru taw nga sai da. Dai shaloi, myi na shabrang Chyamut Wa gaw dai hkawhkam wa kaw sa wa nna she "Hkawhkam du wa e, nang hpa majaw myit ru taw nga ta?" ngu wa san ai da. Dai shaloi hkawhkam du wa gaw, "Nang na ai hte maren," "grai n-gun kaba ai hpyen ni, anhte a mungdan hpe zing madu la na matu htim sa wa sai." "Anhte kaw gaw shanhte daram hpyen n-gun mung n nga ai." "Dai majaw, myit ru nga ai re," ngu htai ai da. Dai shaloi, Chyamut Wa gaw "Dai na majaw nga yang gaw hkum myit ru nga u." "Majan dang hkra ngai galaw ya na." "Dai hku galaw ya yang," "ngai hpe hpa baw jaw na rai?" ngu san yang, hkawhkam du wa gaw "Nye kasha hte jaw sha na," ngu tsun dat ai. Dai shaloi, Chyamut Wa gaw nam de sa mat wa nna, shi na sumdu hte "Gai, hpyen hpung kaba byin wa u ga," ngu let adup dat jang, mana maka re ai hpyen hpung kaba ni pru wa ai hte shi hpyen hpung kaba hte rau hkawhkam du wa kaw mung wa madun rai nna, ngut ai hte sa htim gasat wa ai hpyen ni yawng hpe wa gasat dang la kau ai da. Gasat dang ngut ai majaw, shi na hpyen hpung hpe mung sumdu hte bai adup nna shamat kau dat ai da. Dai hku rai nna, shi gaw hkawhkam wa hpang de sa wa ai shaloi gaw hkawhkam wa gaw "Majan dang hkra galaw ya ai majaw," "chyeju kaba dik sai." "Ngai ga sadi jaw da ai hte maren," "nye kasha Ma Kaw hpe la u," ngu tsun dat ai da. Dai shaloi shabrang gaw gaw "Ma Kaw hpe n ra ai," ngu tsun dat ai da. Bai hkawhkam wa gaw kasha ni langai hpang langai hpe madun tim, dai shabrang wa mung n hkap la ai lam hkrai tsun rai nna hpang jahtum kasha kaji dik htum Nang Yut hpe madun yang she dai shabrang wa gaw Nang Yut hpe tsaw ra ai hte hkap la ai da. Dai majaw, hkawhkam du wa mung dai shabrang wa hpe shi kasha Nang Yut hpe mung jaw, shi a mungdan chyen mi mung jaw rai nna, shan lahkawng gaw grai pyaw let nga mat wa ai da.
Origination date 2024-04-08
Origination date free form
Archive link https://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/KK3/0143
URL
Collector
Keita Kurabe
Countries To view related information on a country, click its name
Language as given Jinghpaw
Subject language(s) To view related information on a language, click its name
Content language(s) To view related information on a language, click its name
Dialect Standard Jinghpaw
Region / village Northern Myanmar

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Originating university
Operator Nick Ward
Data Categories primary text
Data Types MovingImage
Discourse type narrative
Roles Keita Kurabe : depositor
Htoi Awng Kahtantu : illustrator
Gun Mai Sumlut : speaker
DOI 10.26278/z2b7-h986
Cite as Keita Kurabe (collector), Keita Kurabe (depositor), Htoi Awng Kahtantu (illustrator), Gun Mai Sumlut (speaker), 2024. Chyamut Wa | The Boy Named Chyamut Wa. EAF+XML/X-MATROSKA/MPEG/MP4/VND.WAV. KK3-0143 at catalog.paradisec.org.au. https://dx.doi.org/10.26278/z2b7-h986
Content Files (15)
Filename Type File size Duration File access
KK3-0143-A.eaf application/eaf+xml 181 KB
KK3-0143-A.mkv video/x-matroska 7.88 GB 00:06:15.807
KK3-0143-A.mp3 audio/mpeg 5.74 MB 00:06:15.797
KK3-0143-A.mp4 video/mp4 109 MB 00:06:15.807
KK3-0143-A.wav audio/vnd.wav 206 MB 00:06:15.750
KK3-0143-B.eaf application/eaf+xml 121 KB
KK3-0143-B.mkv video/x-matroska 6.09 GB 00:04:39.103
KK3-0143-B.mp3 audio/mpeg 4.26 MB 00:04:39.170
KK3-0143-B.mp4 video/mp4 37.3 MB 00:04:39.103
KK3-0143-B.wav audio/vnd.wav 153 MB 00:04:39.125
KK3-0143-C.eaf application/eaf+xml 69.7 KB
KK3-0143-C.mkv video/x-matroska 3.98 GB 00:02:56.766
KK3-0143-C.mp3 audio/mpeg 2.7 MB 00:02:56.795
KK3-0143-C.mp4 video/mp4 55.3 MB 00:02:56.766
KK3-0143-C.wav audio/vnd.wav 97.1 MB 00:02:56.750
15 files -- 18.6 GB -- --

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Collection Information
Collection ID KK3
Collection title Animated videos of Kachin folktales
Description These materials were produced by Keita Kurabe and members of the Kachin community as part of a community-based collaborative documentation and revitalization project in northern Myanmar. Narration was contributed by Sumlut Gun Mai, Sumdu Ja Seng Roi, Gumtung Lu Awng, and Jumhpawk Nyein Chan Thu. Illustrations were contributed by Kahtantu Htoi Awng, Shatum Naw Ra, Sumlut Mun San Pan, and Ikumi Wakana. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K13024, "Linguistic Dynamics Science 3" (LingDy3), and "Description and Documentation of Language Dynamics in Asia and Africa: Toward a More In-depth Understanding of the Languages and Cultures of People Living in Asia and Africa (DDDLing)" from the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS).
Countries To view related information on a country, click its name
Languages To view related information on a language, click its name
Access Information
Edit access Nick Ward
View/Download access
Data access conditions Open (subject to agreeing to PDSC access conditions)
Data access narrative
Metadata
RO-Crate Metadata
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